



This pattern is framed by a double pearl band on either side with a wave-like vegetal band running between the pearls. Known as Samarra Style B, the main band of the pattern is made of abstract vegetal motifs within a geometric border of intersecting hexagons. Every six hexagons form a six-pointed star. The filler ornament of the hexagons are abstracted palmettes and half-palmettes with winged leaves that are influenced by the Sasanian wing motif. Central six-pointed stars are decorated with a less abstract style of leaves, while corner half-stars are decorated with fleur-de-lis petals.
Ibn Tulun Mosque
220
Tulunid
In situ
AH 263–265 | 876–879 CE
Geometric-Vegetal
Fleur-de-lis, Half-palmette, Winged-leaf
Unknown
Monochrome
Natural/Beige
Stucco
Carving
Layered Pattern
Hexagonal
Hexagon, Six-pointed star, Square
Al-Sayyida Zaynab District, Ahmad ibn Tulun Sq.
One of the soffits of the arcade around the courtyard.
Ahmad ibn Tulun, founder of the Tulunid Dynasty and ruler of Egypt from 868 to 905.
Azab, Pamela Mahmoud. 2015. “The Sources of Ibn Tulun's Soffit Decoration.” M.A. Thesis. American University in Cairo. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/621.
Bloom, Jonathan. 1993. “On the Transmission of Designs in Early Islamic Architecture.” Muqarnas 10: 21–28.
Bonner, Jay. 2017. Islamic Geometric Patterns: Their Historical Development and Traditional Methods of Construction. Springer.
“Bourgoin, Plate 1, top,” Patterns in Egypt. Tiling Search [October 29, 2024]. https://tilingsearch.mit.edu/HTML/data147/F254J.html.
Creswell, K.A.C. 1979. Early Muslim Architecture, Vol II. Hacker Art Books.
El-Akkad, Tarek. 2013. “The Aesthetics of Islamic Architecture & the Exuberance of Mamluk Design.” PhD Diss. University of Catalonia. CORE, The Open University. https://core.ac.uk/download/19933730.pdf.
Field, Robert. 2000. Geometric Patterns from Islamic Art & Architecture. Tarquin Publications.
Golombek, Lisa. 1969. “Abbasid Mosque at Balkh.” Oriental Art 15: 173–189.
Herzfeld, Ernst. 1910. “Die Genesis der islamischen Kunst und das Mshatta-Problem.” Der Islam 1, no. 2: 105–144. https://doi.org/10.1515/islm.1910.1.2.105.
O’Kane, Bernard. 2016. The Mosques of Egypt. American University in Cairo Press.
O’Kane, Bernard, Mohamed Abbas, and Imam R. Abdulfattah. 2012. The Illustrated Guide to the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo. American University in Cairo Press.
Drawings: Esraa Kamal and Hussein Jamal
Postproduction: Farida Saraya, Salma Samir, Menna Abdallah Ahmed, Radwa Abdullah, and Nada Elsayed
Photography: “Detail” and “context” photos by Nada Hany Shendy;
“pattern” photo by Francisca Reis
Research and text: Yumna Moussa
Arabic translation: Nihal Shallal
English copy editing: Nour Bahgat
Arabic copy editing: Reham Zein ELabdeen and Heba Negm